Music Finland Core

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Kraft - a study of rhythmic interpolations, previously developed in pieces like Sculpture II, Ground, or Zona - marks the beginning of Lindberg's use of the computer as a tool to assist composition. Of the two years spent composing this massive work, he spent one of them designing the computer environment which he later used to calculate the complex rhythmic and harmonic transformations. Kraft was written in Paris (1983), in Berlin (1984) and in Helsinki (1985).The group of soloists represents the keystone of the orchestra, the catalyst for action and the summit of the iceberg formed by a huge mass of sound material. As well as their primary instruments, all the members of the group play several - mainly metallic - percussion instruments collected in a scrapyard. The music is spatialised using a loudspeaker system, as well as the physical movements of the soloists, including the conductor, during the performance. In its entirety, Kraft is divided into two large movements, followed by a relatively long coda.A powerful and original piece, Kraft soon came to be seen as Lindberg's key work. After its first performance at the 1985 Helsinki Festival, where it was appreciated by the general public, it was awarded a prize by the Unesco Rostrum of Composers in 1986. It also received the Nordic Council prize in 1988, while its recorded version, produced in Stockholm and distributed by Finlandia Records, was awarded the Koussevitszky prize in 1988.© Risto Nieminen, 1993translated by © Nick Le Quesne© Ircam - Centre Georges-Pompidou, 1993(From Magnus Lindberg, Helsinki 1996)Etude sur des interpolations rythmiques, développées auparavant dans des ceuvres comme Sculpture II, Ground ou Zona, Kraft marque le début de l'utilisation par Lindberg de l'ordinateur comme outil de composition assistée. Il passa un an, sur les deux années que dura la composition de cette oeuvre massive, à concevoir l'environnement informatique qui devait lui servir ensuite à calculer les proportions et les transformations rythmiques et harmoniques complexes. Kraft a été écrit à Paris (1983), à Berlin (1984) et à Helsinki (1985).L'ensemble des solistes constitue la clef de voûte de l'orchestre, le catalyseur de l'action et le sommet de l'iceberg formé par l'énorme masse sonore. Tous les membres de l'ensemble jouent, en plus de leurs instruments premiers, de nombreux instruments de percussion, surtout métalliques, collectés chez un ferrailleur. La musique est spatialisée dans l'espace par un système de haut-parleurs et par les déplacements des solistes, y compris du chef d'orchestre, pendant l'exécution. Dans sa globalité, Kraft se divise en deux grands mouvements, suivis d'une coda relativement longue.Pièce très forte et originale, Kraft apparut vite comme l'oeuvre phare de Lindberg. Après la première, remarquée par le grand public, au festival d'Helsinki en 1985, elle devint lauréate de la Tribune des compositeurs à l'Unesco en 1986. Elle reçut également le prix du Conseil nordique en 1986, et l'enregistrement, effectué à Stockholm et publié par Finlandia Records, fut primé par le prix Koussevitsky en 1988.© Risto Nieminen, 1993© Ircam - Centre Georges-Pompidou, 1993(From Magnus Lindberg, Ircam 1993)

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Abbreviation	Instrument
Woodwind
acl	alto clarinet
afl	alto flute
arec	alto recorder
asax	alto saxophone
barsax	baritone saxophone
barhn	baritone horn
bcl	bass clarinet
bfl	bass flute
bob	bass oboe
bsax	bass saxophone
bsn	bassoon
cbsn	contrabassoon
cl	clarinet
ehn	English horn
fl	flute
hn	French horn
ob	oboe
pic	piccolo
rec	recorder
sax	saxophone
srec	soprano recorder
ssax	soprano saxophone
trec	tenor recorder
tsax	tenor saxophone
Brass
ahn	alto horn
atrb	altotrombone
barhn	baritone horn
btrb	bass trombone
cornet	cornet
euph	euphonium
fhn	flugelhorn
hn	French horn
tba	tuuba
thn	tenor horn
trb	trombone
trp	trumpet
Percussion
dr	drums
glock	glockenspiel
mar	marimba
perc	percussion
timp	timpani
vibr	vibraphone
xyl	xylophone
Strings
db	double bass
gamba	viola da gamba
str	strings
vla	viola
vlc	cello
vln	violin
Other
acc	accordion
cel	celesta
cemb	harpsichord
chords	chords
elbas	electric bass
elg	electric guitar
elorg	electric organ
elpno	electric piano
guit	guitar
harm	harmonium
hca	harmonica
hp	harp
instr	instrument
kantele	kantele
keyb	keyboard
live electr	live electronics
mand	mandolin
mel	melody
org	organ
pno	piano
synth	synthesizer
tape	tape
Vocal
alto	alto
baryt	baritone
basso	bass voice
ch	choir
chc	childrens choir
chf	female choir
chm	male choir
chx	mixed choir
cten	countertenor
mezzo	mezzo-soprano
sopr	soprano
speaker	speaker
ten	tenor
voc	vocal

Symphony orchestra
2222 4331 11 1, str = 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 French horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, one other percussionist, harp and strings
Wind band
2252 3 423 21212 3 = 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 5 clarinets, 2 bassoons - 3 saxophones - 4 French horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones - 2 cornets, alto horn, 2 tenor horns, baritone horn, 2 tubas - 3 percussionists
Big band
221 4 4, pno, guit, db, dr = 2 alto saxophones, 2 tenor saxophones, baritone saxophone, 4 trumpets, 4 trombones, piano, guitar, double bass, drums
Additional codes
+	fl+pic = flutist doubles on piccolo
/	pno/org = can be played on either piano or organ
lib	ad libitum
obl	obligato
str	str: 65432 = specified number of string players
str min	str min: 65432 = at least 65432
str max	str max: 65432 = not more than 65432
solo	vln solo = violin is the solo instrument in a work not obviously for solo violin