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I wrote this work for Erkki Rautio and Ralf Gothóni in 1977. Previously I had written two other works for upright piano, in which the sort of playing appropriate to an upright piano (as opposed to a grand piano) is combined with and overlaps a technique of playing directly on to the strings and dampers inside the piano. In this piece a similar expansion of the sound spectrum is achieved with the cello by means of amplification. However, the internal structure of the work is more diffuse, in accordance with my current suspicion of structures built on exact parameters. This scepticism has been well expressed by Samuel Beckett: ’Non-logical presentation of phenomena in the order and with the exactitude with which they are perceived before they have been distorted into intelligibility in order to conform to the chain of cause and effect.© Einojuhani RautavaaraAn ‘upright piano’ seemed to be the ideal form of piano when both keyboard and strings (dampers etc.) were to be used simultaneously and with sufficient facility. Corresponding combina-tion of traditional and ‘experimental’ handling of instrument were realized in the cello by using both the friction sounds (through a contact microphone with amplifier) and more traditional playing.© Einojuhani RautavaaraEtt ’upprättstående’ piano tycks vara den idealiska formen av piano, när både tangenter och strängar (dämmare etc) användes samtidigt och med tillräcklig färdighet. En motsvarande kombination av traditionell och ’experimentell’ instrumentbehandling realiserades i cellon genom bruk av både friktionsljud (genom en kontaktmikrofon med amplifier) och mer traditionellt spelsätt.© Einojuhani RautavaaraEin ›aufrechtstehendes‹ Klavier scheint die ideale Form des Klaviers zu sein, wenn Tangenten und Saiten (Dämpfer usw.) gleichzeitig und mit ausreichendem Können verwendet werden. Eine entsprechende Kombination aus traditioneller und ›experimenteller‹ Instrumentbehandlung wurde im Cello realisiert durch den Gebrauch von sowohl Friktionslauten (durch ein Kontaktmikrophon mit Amplifikation) als auch der traditionellen Spielweise.© Einojuhani Rautavaara

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Abbreviation	Instrument
Woodwind
acl	alto clarinet
afl	alto flute
arec	alto recorder
asax	alto saxophone
barsax	baritone saxophone
barhn	baritone horn
bcl	bass clarinet
bfl	bass flute
bob	bass oboe
bsax	bass saxophone
bsn	bassoon
cbsn	contrabassoon
cl	clarinet
ehn	English horn
fl	flute
hn	French horn
ob	oboe
pic	piccolo
rec	recorder
sax	saxophone
srec	soprano recorder
ssax	soprano saxophone
trec	tenor recorder
tsax	tenor saxophone
Brass
ahn	alto horn
atrb	altotrombone
barhn	baritone horn
btrb	bass trombone
cornet	cornet
euph	euphonium
fhn	flugelhorn
hn	French horn
tba	tuuba
thn	tenor horn
trb	trombone
trp	trumpet
Percussion
dr	drums
glock	glockenspiel
mar	marimba
perc	percussion
timp	timpani
vibr	vibraphone
xyl	xylophone
Strings
db	double bass
gamba	viola da gamba
str	strings
vla	viola
vlc	cello
vln	violin
Other
acc	accordion
cel	celesta
cemb	harpsichord
chords	chords
elbas	electric bass
elg	electric guitar
elorg	electric organ
elpno	electric piano
guit	guitar
harm	harmonium
hca	harmonica
hp	harp
instr	instrument
kantele	kantele
keyb	keyboard
live electr	live electronics
mand	mandolin
mel	melody
org	organ
pno	piano
synth	synthesizer
tape	tape
Vocal
alto	alto
baryt	baritone
basso	bass voice
ch	choir
chc	childrens choir
chf	female choir
chm	male choir
chx	mixed choir
cten	countertenor
mezzo	mezzo-soprano
sopr	soprano
speaker	speaker
ten	tenor
voc	vocal

Symphony orchestra
2222 4331 11 1, str = 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 4 French horns, 3 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, one other percussionist, harp and strings
Wind band
2252 3 423 21212 3 = 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 5 clarinets, 2 bassoons - 3 saxophones - 4 French horns, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones - 2 cornets, alto horn, 2 tenor horns, baritone horn, 2 tubas - 3 percussionists
Big band
221 4 4, pno, guit, db, dr = 2 alto saxophones, 2 tenor saxophones, baritone saxophone, 4 trumpets, 4 trombones, piano, guitar, double bass, drums
Additional codes
+	fl+pic = flutist doubles on piccolo
/	pno/org = can be played on either piano or organ
lib	ad libitum
obl	obligato
str	str: 65432 = specified number of string players
str min	str min: 65432 = at least 65432
str max	str max: 65432 = not more than 65432
solo	vln solo = violin is the solo instrument in a work not obviously for solo violin

Music for Upright Piano and Amplified Cello